Biology
Hardy-Weinberg Growth Calculator
Project allele A and a frequencies, diploid population, AA, Aa, and aa expected counts, and heterozygote share. The dedicated generation path combines an allele-frequency trace with a final genotype-composition panel.
Initial allele a frequency (q)-
Projected allele A frequency-
Projected allele a frequency-
Projected diploid population-
Expected final AA individuals-
Expected final Aa individuals-
Expected final aa individuals-
Expected final heterozygotes-
Decision view
Migration path and genotype composition
Migration path and genotype compositionAllele frequency moves toward the migrant pool while population growth independently changes expected genotype counts.
Exact scenario comparisonPopulation replaced by migrants each generation (%) changes while all other entered assumptions remain constant.
| Population replaced by migrants each generation (%) | Initial allele a frequency (q) | Projected allele A frequency | Projected allele a frequency | Projected diploid population | Expected final AA individuals | Expected final Aa individuals | Expected final aa individuals | Expected final heterozygotes |
|---|
Population detail
Generation projection and final genotype composition
How to use Hardy-Weinberg Growth Calculator
- Enter p for the recipient and migrant populations as values from zero to one.
- Define the migration percentage and population growth on the same generation interval.
- Interpret genotype counts as mathematical expectations, especially when they are fractional.
Calculator guide
Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Growth Calculator
Migration changes allele frequency while population growth changes how many individuals carry the resulting genotype proportions. This calculator models those processes separately across generations and joins them only when final expected genotype counts are calculated.
Calculation method
How the calculation works
Apply recurrent migration to the allele frequency once per generation, independently compound the entered population size, and then apply Hardy-Weinberg genotype proportions to the final frequency. At each generation replace the entered migration fraction of the recipient allele pool with the migrant frequency, compound population independently, then apply p², 2pq, and q² to the final population.
Model review
Know what the curve can and cannot establish
The graph is a deterministic reference against which observations can be compared.
Worked situations
Practical examples
- With recurrent migration, p moves toward migrant p rather than jumping to it in one generation.
- Population can grow while the frequency of allele A declines.
- The three final genotype proportions always sum to one within rounding.
Better inputs
Useful tips
- Plot observed generations against the modeled path before extrapolating.
- Use effective population concepts when drift is material.
- Keep migration and population-growth assumptions independently documented.
Before relying on the result
Limitations and common mistakes
- Selection, mutation, genetic drift, assortative mating, overlapping generations, and changing migration are excluded.
- Hardy-Weinberg genotype proportions assume random mating and other equilibrium conditions.
- Expected counts are not forecasts of exact observed individuals.
Reference
Key terms
- p and q
- Complementary frequencies of two alleles, summing to one.
- Migration fraction
- Share of the modeled allele pool replaced each generation.
- Heterozygote
- An individual with one copy of each modeled allele.
- Expected genotype count
- Hardy-Weinberg proportion multiplied by modeled population.
Important note
Calculated from the entered values using the displayed biological or statistical model. Study design, sampling, measurement quality, and biological variation affect interpretation.
Frequently asked questions
Why does p approach rather than equal migrant p?
Only the entered share of the recipient pool is replaced in each generation.
Can population grow while allele A declines?
Yes. Population size and allele frequency are separate modeled variables.
Why are genotype counts fractional?
They are expected values produced by proportions, not an integer census.
Does the page test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No. It applies the proportions; it does not perform a statistical goodness-of-fit test.