FRT

Unit Converters

Force Reference Table Calculator

Generate an arithmetic force series and calculate kN, lbf, moment, and nominal stress for every row.

Base force (N)Force increment per row (N)Reference rowsReference lever arm (m)Reference loaded area (mm²)

Final displayed force (N)-

Final force (kN)-

Final force (lbf)-

Final moment at entered lever arm (N m)-

Final nominal stress on entered area (MPa)-

Displayed force span (N)-

Decision view

Force-unit readings across reference rows

Force-unit readings across reference rowsThe horizontal reference-row axis updates three equivalent force readings from the entered base force and increment; each series retains its own stated unit.

Exact scenario comparisonForce increment per row (N) changes while all other entered assumptions remain constant.

Force increment per row (N)	Final displayed force (N)	Final force (kN)	Final force (lbf)	Final moment at entered lever arm (N m)	Final nominal stress on entered area (MPa)	Displayed force span (N)

Period-by-period detail

Complete force reference and engineering-unit table

Every row increments force by the entered amount and recalculates conversions, moment, and nominal stress.

How to use Force Reference Table Calculator

Enter base force, increment, and row count.
Enter the lever arm and loaded area.
Inspect the line chart and complete value table.

Calculator guide

Understanding Force Reference Table Calculator

A force reference table should show how force, moment, and nominal stress change together row by row.

Write the row equation Row 1 remains 100 N and each later row adds exactly 100 N.

Calculate the final force Nine increments occur across ten rows.

Convert the final row Both values describe the final row's same force.

Calculate moment and stress The model assumes perpendicular force and uniform axial load.

Calculation method

How the calculation works

Generate an exact force reference series and convert every row to kN, lbf, moment at the entered arm, and nominal stress on the entered area. Add the entered force increment per row, then apply unit conversion, M=Fr, and sigma=F/A.

Detailed calculation process

Build and verify the complete force reference series

The default starts at 100 N, adds 100 N for 10 rows, uses a 0.5 m lever arm, and a 250 mm² loaded area.

General formula: F_j = F_0+(j-1)Delta_FF_kN,j = F_j/1000F_lbf,j = F_j/4.4482216153M_j = F_j rsigma_j = F_j/ASpan = |Delta_F|(n-1) The row force is an arithmetic sequence. Each row's moment and nominal stress are proportional to that row's force because lever arm and area remain fixed.

What each symbol means

j, n Row number and total displayed rows (counts).

F_0, Delta_F, F_j Base force, row increment, and row-j force (N).

F_kN,j, F_lbf,j Row-j force in kN and lbf.

r Perpendicular reference lever arm (m).

M_j Row-j moment (N·m).

A Reference loaded area (mm²).

sigma_j Row-j nominal stress (MPa).

Span Absolute force range from first to final row (N).

Worked substitution with the default inputs

1. Write the row equation F_j = 100+(j-1)(100) N Row 1 remains 100 N and each later row adds exactly 100 N.

2. Calculate the final force F_10 = 100+(10-1)(100)F_10 = 1,000 N Nine increments occur across ten rows.

3. Convert the final row F_kN,10 = 1,000/1,000 = 1 kNF_lbf,10 = 1,000/4.4482216153 = 224.8089 lbf Both values describe the final row's same force.

4. Calculate moment and stress M_10 = 1,000(0.5) = 500 N*msigma_10 = 1,000/250 = 4 MPa The model assumes perpendicular force and uniform axial load.

5. Reconcile the displayed span Span = |100|(10-1)Span = 900 N1,000-100 = 900 N The arithmetic-series span matches the endpoint difference.

The default final row is 1,000 N, 1 kN, 224.809 lbf, 500 N·m, and 4 MPa across a 900 N displayed span.

Purpose-built visual

Force, moment, and stress reference lines

Three normalized line series share the row axis while their exact units remain in endpoint labels and the detail table.

Live The chart is regenerated from current inputs.

Units Every axis, marker, and endpoint retains its stated unit.

Check The chart reconciles to the displayed calculation.

Worked situations

Practical examples

The default starts at 100 N, adds 100 N for 10 rows, uses a 0.5 m lever arm, and a 250 mm² loaded area.
The default final row is 1,000 N, 1 kN, 224.809 lbf, 500 N·m, and 4 MPa across a 900 N displayed span.

Better inputs

Useful tips

Change one input at a time and confirm both the result and visual move.
Keep the units stated beside every field.
Retain intermediate precision and round only the reported result.

Before relying on the result

Limitations and common mistakes

Moment assumes force perpendicular to the lever arm.
Stress assumes uniform axial loading.
Connections, bending, concentrations, and material limits are excluded.

Reference

Key terms

Arithmetic sequence: Series with a constant difference between rows.
Moment: Force multiplied by perpendicular lever arm.
Nominal stress: Force divided by gross entered area.

Important note

Calculated directly from the entered values using the displayed formula and rounding settings.

Frequently asked questions

Why are there nine increments for ten rows?

The first row is the base value.

Can the increment be negative?

Yes, creating a decreasing series.

Is moment always F times r?

Only for the perpendicular component.

Is nominal stress a code capacity?

No.